電容的規(guī)格書(shū)中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)電解電容的壽命是2000小時(shí)或者5000小時(shí)或者10000小時(shí)不等。很多客戶(hù)會(huì)問(wèn)：“如果按照一天24小時(shí)計(jì)算的話(huà)，假設(shè)一個(gè)設(shè)備每天工作12小時(shí)，選用的是2000小時(shí)的電解電容的話(huà)，那該電容的使用時(shí)長(zhǎng)只有不到200天，這使用壽命也太短了吧！真的是這樣嗎？
The specifications of capacitors often indicate that the lifespan of electrolytic capacitors ranges from 2000 hours to 5000 hours or 10000 hours. Many customers ask, "If we calculate based on 24 hours a day, assuming a device works 12 hours a day and uses 2000 hours of electrolytic capacitors, then the lifespan of the capacitor is less than 200 days, which is too short! Is this really true?"?
答案當(dāng)然是否定的。電解電容的壽命不是這樣計(jì)算的。電解電容的壽命主要受其所在工作環(huán)境中溫度的影響。通常，溫度每降低10℃，電解電容的壽命就會(huì)增加一倍。因此，建議在規(guī)格書(shū)標(biāo)明的最高溫度之內(nèi)使用該電容，以盡可能低的溫度使用電解電容器。
The answer is certainly negative. The lifespan of electrolytic capacitors is not calculated in this way. The lifespan of electrolytic capacitors is mainly affected by the temperature in their working environment. Usually, for every 10 ℃ decrease in temperature, the lifespan of electrolytic capacitors doubles. Therefore, it is recommended to use the capacitor within the maximum temperature specified in the specifications, and to use electrolytic capacitors at the lowest possible temperature.
因?yàn)槿绻ぷ鳒囟瘸^(guò)規(guī)格書(shū)中標(biāo)明的最高溫度，電容器的參數(shù)便會(huì)下降，在溫度過(guò)高的工作環(huán)境下極有損壞甚至爆炸的危險(xiǎn)。因?yàn)殡娊怆娙菔强科鋬?nèi)部的電解液來(lái)工作的，而電解液會(huì)不斷蒸發(fā)變少，溫度越高，蒸發(fā)越快，從而會(huì)大大減少電解電容的壽命。那么如何分析電解電容的溫升呢？
Because if the working temperature exceeds the maximum temperature specified in the specifications, the parameters of the capacitor will decrease, and there is a high risk of damage or even explosion in working environments with high temperatures. Because electrolytic capacitors operate on their internal electrolyte, which continuously evaporates less. The higher the temperature, the faster the evaporation, greatly reducing the lifespan of electrolytic capacitors. So how to analyze the temperature rise of electrolytic capacitors?
要計(jì)算電解電容的最高工作溫度，必須考慮以下因素：
To calculate the maximum operating temperature of an electrolytic capacitor, the following factors must be considered:
環(huán)境溫度
ambient temperature
電容器紋波電流引起的溫升。這個(gè)值基本上取決于電容器的ESR，也就是其內(nèi)部電阻，以及工作頻率。
The temperature rise caused by the ripple current of the capacitor. This value basically depends on the ESR of the capacitor, which is its internal resistance and operating frequency.
在同一電路板上，靠近電容器的其他電子組件（功率晶體管，穩(wěn)壓器，功率電阻器等）傳導(dǎo)和輻射的熱量。
The heat conducted and radiated by other electronic components (power transistors, regulators, power resistors, etc.) near capacitors on the same circuit board.
電解電容結(jié)構(gòu)
Electrolytic capacitor structure
壽命計(jì)算
Lifetime calculation
計(jì)算公式
Calculation formula
L1：在溫度T1時(shí)的保證壽命（以小時(shí)為單位），也就是電解電容規(guī)格書(shū)中給出的壽命值。
The guaranteed lifespan (in hours) at temperature T1, which is the lifespan value given in the electrolytic capacitor specification book.
L2：在溫度T2下的預(yù)期壽命（以小時(shí)為單位）。
Expected lifespan at temperature T2 (in hours).
T1：電解電容規(guī)格書(shū)中給出的最高工作溫度。
The maximum operating temperature given in the electrolytic capacitor specification book.
T2：電解電容實(shí)際工作的最高工作溫度。
The maximum operating temperature at which electrolytic capacitors actually operate.
舉個(gè)例子，某個(gè)電解電容在最大溫度為105℃時(shí)，壽命為2000小時(shí)。根據(jù)計(jì)算公式，如果電解電容實(shí)際工作的最大溫度是40℃，可以計(jì)算出其工作壽命是2000*2^（105-40）/10=181019H≈20年。但是事實(shí)上我們一般是知道設(shè)計(jì)壽命，然后根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)壽命計(jì)算溫升，比如說(shuō)如果產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)使用壽命為3年，也就是26280小時(shí)。則10*log2（26280/2000）=37.3℃，那么設(shè)計(jì)工作溫度不能超過(guò)65℃。
For example, a certain electrolytic capacitor has a lifespan of 2000 hours at a maximum temperature of 105 ℃. According to the calculation formula, if the actual maximum working temperature of the electrolytic capacitor is 40 ℃, its working life can be calculated to be 2000 * 2 ^ (105-40)/10=181019H ≈ 20 years. But in fact, we usually know the design life and calculate the temperature rise based on the design life. For example, if the product's design service life is 3 years, that is 26280 hours. If 10 * log2 (26280/2000)=37.3 ℃, then the design working temperature cannot exceed 65 ℃.
以上就是計(jì)算電解電容壽命的方法，山東紅寶電子從事電子元件多年，有豐富的選型經(jīng)驗(yàn)，能夠根據(jù)客戶(hù)行業(yè)，所用產(chǎn)品，工作環(huán)境等推薦適合的電子元器件，如果電子元件采購(gòu)需求歡迎隨時(shí)聯(lián)系我們。
The above is the method for calculating the lifespan of electrolytic capacitors. Shandong Hongbao Electronics has been engaged in electronic components for many years and has rich selection experience. It can recommend suitable electronic components based on customer industries, products used, working environments, etc. If you have any purchasing needs for electronic components, please feel free to contact us at any time.